In this module we go into the landmarks of the upper and lower jaw, discuss the definitions including construction instructions and show how these landmarks can be localized clearly and reliably. In this module we will discuss the Anterior Nasal Spine, Posterior Nasal Spine, A-Point, Supra- and Infradental, B-Point, Pogonion, Suprapogonion or Protuberantia menti, Menton, Gnathion, B -point, the mental spine, the protuberantia masseterica, the gonion, the articular, the condylar and the muscular process.
In this module, you will learn which anatomical structures can be identified in the lateral skull X-ray and how these are used in the evaluation. The structures of the skull base, the maxillary structures, the mandibular structures, the soft tissue (profile), the cervical spine and dental structures are discussed.
In this module, we discuss how a single reading of cephalometric reading is analyzed, the relevance of the relevant scientific cephalometric literature, and how readings become meaningful information.
This module looks at the meaning of individual readings and what each reading can contribute to the overall cephalometric analysis. Measurements of mandibular plane angle, collulm angle, palatine plane angle, palatine plane to mandibular plane, subfacial height, esthetic plane, occlusal plane inclination, interincisal angle, upper and lower incisor inclination and protrusion are discussed in detail in this module.
